The Kendal Common Area was documented by the Weston Historical Commission in 2003. The following properties are included in the area: 3, 9, 12, 15 Ellis Rd; 7, 8, 11 French Rd; 3, 4, 16, 17, 23, 30, 40, 45, 46, 49 Kendal Common; 1 North Ave. (Note that 1481, 1485, and 1489 Main Street, Waltham, were part of the Kendal Common development.)

Kendal Common Area Form

 

 

 

Map

Description

Historical Narrative

Bibliography

 

Description

Kendal Common is a neighborhood of post-World War II Modern-style houses located in the northeast corner of Weston at the intersection of North Avenue and Lexington Streets.  Developed on approximately 45 acres of former golf course land, Kendal Common includes 22 houses on four streets, Kendal Common Road, Ellis Road, French Road and North Avenue. Lot sizes range between one and two acres. Two additional lots on North Avenue were never developed because of wetlands. Commonly-owned land at the corner of Ellis and Kendal Common Road contains a vernal pool and neighborhood playground.  Three of the Kendal Common houses are located just over the town line in Waltham and are included in the data sheet for informational purposes. All 22 houses were built between 1950 and 1960, although one was substantially altered in 1983. Of the 19 houses located in Weston, two are under 1000 square feet (840 and 936 sq. ft.),10 are between 1000 and 2000, five are between 2000 and 3000 square feet and the remaining two are over 3,000. The larger homes have had extensive additions. All of the houses were architect-designed or were adapted from standard plans by architectural firms. For a time, Carl Koch and Associates was the only firm allowed to design houses in the new development. Plans were reviewed by the board of directors of the neighborhood corporation to insure variety within the modernist vocabulary. Houses include both flat-roofed and gabled roof types and are one or two stories.

 

Carl Koch was one of the leading modern architects of the post-war period. He received his undergraduate and Masters of Architecture degrees from Harvard and set up an office practice in the Boston area in 1939. His interest in new housing types led to his work from 1946 to 1949 on the Acorn House, a factory-fabricated house, and, on the Techbuilt house, a low-cost, semi-factory-built modern-style house using modular construction, first built in 1953. In 1951, Koch began work on the planning, design and construction of Conantum, Concord’s first residential housing development. He also taught at MIT.

The following 12 Kendal Common houses were built between 1950 and 1957 from designs by Koch or his firm, either as custom designs or from standard Koch plans that had been built elsewhere. Those marked with an asterisk (*) are very similar to their original appearance, except for the plantings which have grown up over the years:

1) Arthur Lane Jr. House House (c.1950, One North Avenue, Map #5, MHC 737) 1st house completed

2) Harry and Jesse Grant, Everett Grant* (1950, 16 Kendal Common Rd, Map #20, MHC 749, Photo #1), 2nd house completed

3) Mario and Gene Castillo* (1950, 40 Kendal Common Rd, Map #18, MHC #747, Photo #4),

4) Theodore Kalin House (c. 1950-51, 1481 Main St. Waltham, Map #8 )

5) Daniel Fogel House (c. 1950-51, 1489 Main St., Waltham, Map #6)

6) Robert and Helen Marden* (1951, 30 Kendal Common Rd, Map #19, MHC 748, Photo #4),

7) Max and Johanna Reissner* (1951, 3 Ellis Rd, Map #12, MHC 741),

8 ) Setsuo and Norma Dairiki (1951, 45 Kendal Common Rd, Map #24, MHC 753),

9) Thomas and Florence Stantial (1951, 23 Kendal Common Rd- standard plan, Map #11, MHC 740)

10) Earl Jr. and Betty Thomas* (1952, 49 Kendal Common Rd, Map #16, MHC 745). This plan had previously been built in Conantum

11) Barnes House* (1953, 7 French Rd, Map #22, MHC 751, Photo #6) Techbuilt

12) Waniek House (1956, 46 Kendal Common Rd, Map #17, MHC 746) Techbuilt

 

 

After a few years, the Kendal Common Inc.board of directors expanded the group of architects that prospective buyers could use. The list included not only Carl Koch and Associates but also Robert Woods Kennedy, The Architects Collaborative (TAC), Compton and Pierce, Hugh A. Stubbins Jr., Carleton R. Richmond Jr., Walter F. Bogner, and Morehouse and Chesley, an impressive group of leaders within the modernist movement in Boston. Their names were printed on a 1952 promotional brochure and on Kendal Common Inc. letterheads. Only the first four firms appear to have actually designed houses in Kendal Common.

Robert Woods Kennedy (1911-1985) designed three houses in the neighborhood:

1) The MacDougall House (1955, 12 Ellis Rd, Map #15, MHC 744)

2) The Bissonnette/McDermott House (1955, 17 Kendal Common Rd, Map #10, MHC 739)

3) The Fuchs House (1955, 9 Ellis Rd, Map #13, MHC 742)

Kennedy, an award-winning architect and author, was the first American architect to work for Walter Gropius after he relocated to the United States in the 1930s. Kennedy taught architecture at MIT and designed modern apartment buildings, factories, stores and theaters; but he is primarily known as an architect of private residences. According to his obituary in the Boston Globe, he “integrated the International Style with New England vernacular architecture” and also incorporated Japanese and Middle Eastern influences in some of his work. He wrote The House and the Art of its Design, published in 1953, and an autobiography A Classical Language.

Three houses were designed by The Architects Collaborative (TAC):

1) The Seguin House* (1957, 3 Kendal Common Rd, Map #1, MHC 735, Photo #5) (see below)

2) The Veinot House (1955, 31 North Ave, Map #2, MHC 736)

3) The Saunders House (completed 1960, 15 Ellis Rd, Map #14, MHC 743, Photo #2) (see below)

TAC was a firm formed in 1945 as an association of eight architects: Walter Gropius, Norman and Jean Fletcher, John and Sarah Harkness, Robert McMillan, Louis McMillen, and Benjamin Thompson. This original association, presiding over a staff of nearly 100, remained intact until the 1960s. The Harvard- and Yale-trained group, some Gropius’s own students, utlized a teamwork approch to architecture. The firm was well-known for its work on major housing and educational buildings including the Harkness Common and Harvard Graduate Center, much of Children’s Hospital, and the University of Baghdad. In 1995, when the firm closed its doors, Boston Globe architecture critic Robert Campbell wrote that “TAC really believed in the collaborative ideal, and was always more interested in solving problems than creating images. Among its best works, in fact, is one of its most modest: the community of modern houses the founders and friends built for themselves at Six Moon Hill in Lexington–another kind of collaborative…”

Three houses in Kendal Common were built by Walter Pierce of the firm Compton and Pierce:

1) The Guild House* (1955, 4 Kendal Common Rd, Map #9, MHC 738)

2) The Sedik House (1958, 11 French Rd, Map #21, MHC 750, heavily altered in 1983)

3) Lin House (1957, 8 French Rd, Map #23, MHC 752)

The Robert and Helen Marden House at 30 Kendal Common Road (1951, Map #19, MHC 748, Photo #3), designed by Carl Koch & Associates, was part of the first group of houses to be built. Mrs. Marden still lives here and the house retains its original features. The house has a low sloping roof and is largely on one floor, except for the garage-under arrangement and adjacent utility space. The foundation is cement block and the roof was originally tar and gravel. The exterior is cedar siding, which the Mardens painted red because they “didn’t want it to look like every other contemporary.” According to Mrs. Marden, “Carl Koch didn’t like it [the color] at all.”

Mario and Gene Castillo House at 40 Kendal Common Road (1950, Map #18, MHC 747, Photo #4) was designed for the Castillos by Carl Koch & Associates. The rectangular-shaped split-level house was oriented to take advantage of the sun. The asymmetrical front facade is two stories on the right side and one story on the left, with a low-pitched shed roof sloping down from the right. The entrance is offset left, under a deep overhang. The house has a full basement. It is of post-and-beam construction. For the floors, the Castillos used a material called flexacore. These reinforced concrete beams had hollow ducts in them to keep them from being so heavy. Hot air from the furnace passed through the ducts, warming the flagstone floor. Upstairs there was a master bedroom and, for the children, three small bedrooms with a common room for activities. There was another bedroom on the basement level and a bathroom on each floor. The house had no garage. The Castillos did much of the finishing work on the house and lived in the lower section until it was completed. Mario Castillo built the chimney and Gene Castillo put up most of the exterior siding and did the wallboarding and painting.

The Setsuo and Norma Dairiki House at 45 Kendal Common Road (1951, Map 24, MHC 753) was designed by Carl Koch & Associates. The plans are signed with the initials “WDC.” The original house was a simple rectangle of post-and-beam construction. Later, a garage was added, connected by a breezeway. Still later, the second owners, Arthur and Ingeborg Uhlir, enclosed the space between house and garage (including the former breezeway and a concrete patio), turning it into a heated office/family room for year-round use. The exterior of the house is stained redwood siding, with the boards oriented vertically. The roof is a low-pitched gable with wide overhanging eaves. Elevations on the south and east side have large plate glass–or in one case, newer insulated glass– windows, while the north side, which faces the street, has a row of six small rectangular windows which serve three interior rooms and open by sliding horizontally. In the corner where the house and garage wing come together, a flight of low steps leads to a landing where the main entrance is located. The entryway has a bluestone floor and natural pine vertical-board walls. The interior and exterior boarding is the same except for the finish color, giving a sense of connection between interior and exterior. Glass between the ceiling beams functions as a skylight, bringing light into the entry and living area. The living room and kitchen are three steps down, at grade level, while bedrooms are on the level of the entry. The house also has an unfinished basement. The living room area is separated from the kitchen by a large red brick wall extending part way across the room. The brick wall replaces several posts and greatly reduces the span required of the beams. It also stores heat of the low winter sun streaming in through the south-facing living room wall. Rather than a traditional fireplace, there is a projecting raised hearth with a dramatic white hood made of wire lath and plaster. The chimney is within the brick wall. Next to the hearth is a built-in platform sofa with cushions, next to which is a built-in end table. Other walls have pine vertical boarding and the ceiling is of slightly wider pine boards and exposed wood beams. The kitchen retains its original solid birch cabinets and solid birch counter top, which was originally waxed. The original landscape plan was by the Sasaki landscape firm. Construction of the house was not completed until it was put up for sale in 1959.

Architect Carl Koch was instrumental in developing the Techbuilt concept, which incorporated modern design elements with money saving features like modular design and partial pre-fabrication. The Techbuilts utilized post and beam design to eliminate space-wasting attics and concrete slabs to eliminate basements. The Kendal Common Inc. board of directors did not allow more than two of any given house design, and for this reason only two Techbuilt houses were approved.The Frank and Beatrice Barnes House at 7 French Road (1953, Map #22, MHC 751, Photo #6) is oriented with the gable end to the street. The two central modules are largely glass, combining fixed pane and sliding glass windows with the customary plywood spandrals. The siding is clapboard. The roof has the typical wide overhanging eaves. A flat-roofed garage was added later. The Ralph and Doris Waniek House at 47 Kendal Common Road (1956, Map #17, MHC 746), also a Techbuilt house, was originally rectangular in shape and oriented with the narrow end toward street. In more recent years, a cross gable was added with a glass-enclosed sun-room at one end.

The Sydney T. Jr. and Vivienne Guild House at 4 Kendal Common Road (1955, Map 9, MHC 738) was designed by Walter Pierce of the firm Compton and Pierce and is constructed of stained redwood. The original 1955 plans show a rectangular-shaped gable-front house oriented north to south, with a low-pitched roof. The wide overhanging eaves with show rafters on the south elevation keep the interior cool in summer but do not block the sun in winter. The south end of the house is all glass except for the tan-brick end chimney. On the east side elevation, the roof does not extend over the show rafters, leaving the skeleton of an eave as a design feature.There is a flagstone terrace in front and a sunken play area on the east side. The change in grade on the east side allows for windows into a lower level. A carport was added later on the west side and in 1962, the firm of Pierce and Pierce inserted a new entry hall/mudroom and kitchen addition between garage and house. A wooden deck was added on the east side in the early 1980s. The main floor has a combined living room/dining room with fireplace, as well as a kitchen, study, and master bedroom (created in the 1980s by combining two smaller rooms) and bath. On the lower level, facing out toward the sunken play area, are two additional bedrooms and bath and a family room, along with utility space.

The Richard and Mildred Seguin House at 3 Kendal Common (1957, Map #1, MHC 735, Photo #5) is an L-shaped, one-story, flat-roofed “American International-style” house which has remained largely unchanged since construction. The house prototype, known as the “Mill House” according to the owner, was the work of The Architects Collaborative (TAC). The Seguins had seen a finished version at the Five Fields development in Lexington but were unable to afford the architect fees. In August, 1956, the Mill House was featured in Better Homes and Gardens, and the Seguins were able to obtain plans and specifications for a small charge from the magazine. Richard Seguin, who is an engineer, redrew the plans in mirror image. According to Seguin, the basic house plan was designed by Walter Gropius for the purpose of mass production. The house has no attic or basement. It includes features typical of commercial rather than residential construction; for example, beneath the large fixed-pane windows are smaller rectangular industrial-style steel-frame windows that tip inward from the bottom, allowing for ventilation. The house is of post-and-beam construction and the weight of the flat roof rests only on the post and beams, such that neither the interior nor the exterior walls are needed for support. Beams are located every 12 feet. Originally, only one window was of insulated glass, because this was the only size commercially available. Other windows, of polished plate glass, were eventually replaced with insulated glass because of problems with condensation. Heating ducts are embedded within the concrete slab foundation. Framing members are of clear pine, painted white. Exterior walls are redwood, treated with a red stain. Beams extend outside the house to form wide overhanging eaves. The interior of the house has an open plan, with living and dining areas joined to create one large space. Because of the large windows, the house is open to the outside, adding to the feeling of spaciousness. The Seguins purchased their modern-style sofa, tables and chairs at Design Research, a ground-breaking Cambridge furnishings store.

For the Jeanne and Norman Saunders House at 15 Ellis Road (1959-60, Map #14, MHC 743, Photo #2), owner Norman Saunders went to The Architects Collaborative (TAC) and got what he understood was an original Gropius design for a house in Five Fields in Lexington. He worked with an architect from TAC to modify the plan for the Saunders family. Norman Saunders, a professional engineer and inventor, named the house Experimental Manor and continued to modify it for decades. An early solar house, the architectural features and energy-saving features are described in the 1980 book Solar Houses for a Cold Climate. According to Saunders, the house was designed using 10-foot modular units. It is oriented due south and the room layout was planned to work with nature and capture sunlight and cooling breezes. The south wall was largely glass. It has had at least five different solar collection roof designs over the years, combining different materials and designs in an effort to correct various problems. The walls of the house are pumice aggregate concrete block, chosen for its heat-storage and insulating capability. Saunders felt that the heat loss was probably less than from “any other wall in town”

 

Historical Narrative

Kendal Common is a neighborhood of post-World War II Modern-style houses located in the northeast corner of Weston at the intersection of North Avenue and Lexington Streets.  Developed on approximately 45 acres of former golf course land, Kendal Common includes 22 houses on four streets, Kendal Common Road, Ellis Road, French Road and North Avenue. Lot sizes range between one and two acres. Two additional lots on North Avenue were never developed because of wetlands. Commonly-owned land at the corner of Ellis and Kendal Common Road contains a vernal pool and neighborhood playground.  Three of the Kendal Common houses are located just over the town line in Waltham and are included in the data sheet for informational purposes. All 22 houses were built between 1950 and 1960, although one was substantially altered in 1983. Of the 19 houses located in Weston, two are under 1000 square feet (840 and 936 sq. ft.),10 are between 1000 and 2000, five are between 2000 and 3000 square feet and the remaining two are over 3,000. The larger homes have had extensive additions. All of the houses were architect-designed or were adapted from standard plans by architectural firms. For a time, Carl Koch and Associates was the only firm allowed to design houses in the new development. Plans were reviewed by the board of directors of the neighborhood corporation to insure variety within the modernist vocabulary. Houses include both flat-roofed and gabled roof types and are one or two stories.

The Kendal Common land had been part of the Trapelo Golf Club, established in 1931. In 1946, the 54-acre course was sold to the Cambridge School of Weston, which bordered the golf course on the north. The school kept some of the land for its own use and invited Carl Koch to help plan for the rest. According to one resident, Koch had an option to buy the land but did not exercise it. Dan Fogel, one of the early residents, recalled that Koch started with a list of people who had come to him asking about designing a modern house and arranged a meeting to discuss developing a cooperative community. The first meeting was attended by about a dozen people. Others were brought in through notices on the bulletin board at MIT, newspaper ads, signs on Lexington Street, and word of mouth. The following eight men became the original incorporators and stockholders of Kendal Common, Inc., which was established in December, 1948: Frank A. Barnes, Mario Castillo, Setsuo Dairiki, Everett A. Grant, Ranulf W. Gras, Arthur Lane Jr., Robert H. Marden, and J. Earl Thomas Jr. Six of the eight lived in Cambridge. All but one, Ranulf Gras, went on to build houses in the new development. The corporation raised the money and purchased the parcel in 1949. The life of the corporation was initially limited to 50 years; but its charter has since been extended.

 

Before buying the land, the group met frequently in Cambridge to talk about how they wanted to live and raise their children. The young married academics and scientists didn’t want their proposed development to look like a typical subdivision and were ready to experiment with new architectural concepts. They were environmentally conscious, with strong concerns about preserving wildlife and the natural landscape. They wanted a place where their children could play together. They were interested in self-sufficiency, and in making what they needed. Their monetary resources were limited. Above all, they wanted to create a sense of community. No fences were allowed in Kendal Common. Their progressive views on “community building” mirrored the philosophy of Cambridge School headmaster John J.R. French, after whom French Road is named.

The following is a list of the original buyers of lots in Kendal Common, arranged by date of land purchase. Occupations are listed when known. An asterisk (*) indicates that the original land buyer built a house in Kendal Common. If the original lot owner did not build a house, the second owner is also indicated. The list is heavy with scientists, mathematicians and engineers, many of whom taught at MIT, Harvard or Brandeis.

Arthur Lane Jr , Nov 21, 1949*

Theodore A. Kalin, Dec. 7, 1949*

M. Thomas Stantial, May 11, 1950* (electrical engineer)

Jay L. Hoffman, July, 1950 (lot sold to Grace Bissonette, nurse, and Eliz. McDermott, accountant)

Edmund J. Jaskulski, July 11, 1950 (lot sold to Perry Veinot, a salesman)

J. Earl Thomas, Jr., July 5, 1950* (Professor of Physics at Harvard)

Ranulf W. Gras, July 5, 1950 (lot sold to Gregory MacDougall, instructor at Brandeis, probably in modern dance)

Everett A. Grant, July 5, 1950* (lawyer)

(His parents also lived here; father was an engineer)

Mario Castillo, July 5, 1950* (chemist)

Norman B. Saunders, July 24, 1950* (engineer)

Daniel Fogel, July 24, 1950* (advertising)

M. Erich Reissner, July 24, 1950* (Professor of Mathematics at MIT)

Walter E. Marchand, Aug. 7, 1950 (lot sold to Joseph Sedik, electrical engineer)

Robert H. Marden, August 7, 1950 (teacher at Harvard)

Frank A. Barnes, Aug. 10, 1950* (teacher and researcher)

Frederick J. Emminegger, Aug. 10, 1950 (lot sold to Ralph Waniek, physicist)

Eli Z. Rubin, Aug. 24, 1950 (lot sold to Lawrence Fuchs, Political Science Professor at Brandeis)

Setsuo Dairiki, Aug. 24, 1950* (electrical engineer at the Lab for Electronics)

Chia-Chio Lin, Nov. 1, 1950* (Professor at MIT, probably math or physics)

Sydney Theodore Guild Jr., March 17, 1955* (banker and later consultant at Arthur D. Little)

John Thomas O’Brien, Nov. 19, 1955 (lot sold to Spinelli)

Richard E. Seguin, Nov. 26, 1955 (mechanical and structural engineer)

 

Founding members took care of legal work, engineering, planting the common land, and record-keeping. Everett Grant served as the lawyer and contact person. Some members worked on the construction of their own houses, with help from neighbors on carpentry or electrical work. The neighborhood had its own version of the “lawn party,” where everyone labored to remove rocks from a front yard, then graded and seeded it. Communal work was encouraged not just to save money but also to build ties within the community. One resident called it “an adventure in living.”

Planting plans for the edges of roads were done by a landscape architect, who chose plantings like highbush cranberry and honeysuckle to attract birds and wildlife. Because the property had been a golf course, the houses stood out in the barren landscape until the small new trees began to mature. The common land included a vernal pool that was used by the children for ice skating and for summer-time activities like floating rafts. The group planned to have a children’s playground, swimming pool, tennis court, and common house for social activities, but only the playground was built. Later, Kendal Common Inc. provided partial funding for a swimming pool at the Cambridge School in return for rights to use the school’s pool and tennis courts.

Prospective buyers had to be approved by existing shareholders, but this process appears to have involved welcoming newcomers rather than screening them. As one early resident put it, “If you were interested in this kind of architecture, you were welcome.” The neighborhood included Japanese, Chinese, Mexican and Jewish residents, an ethnic and religious diversity unusual for Weston at that time.

Plans for at least one house were not approved. The Ranulf Gras house, shown in an early promotional brochure, was going to be a solar house and had one complete elevation covered with black glass panels, which was to face the cul de sac. This was considered out-of-place and the Grases sold the lot and moved to Lincoln, where they helped set up another development of modern houses.

The neighborhood has been described as “very friendly but not intrusive.” The women in the neighborhood stayed home, and children were free to play under their watchful eye. Kendal Common has been described as a “wonderful place to bring up children.” One long-time resident recalls that in the early years there were 45 to 50 children in the neighborhood under age 18. The children played outside after school each day and one resident recalled that her children went to Cat Rock or Bear Hill and they didn’t ever worry until supper time.

The neighborhood had Halloween and Christmas parties, Fourth of July and Labor Day picnics, progressive dinners, scavanger hunts, “corn roasts” and other events to bring people together. Shareholders’ meetings are still held annually, and each spring a day is still set aside to clean up the neighborhood, rake, prune and cut down trees. Many of the original owners were active in town government but they have been described as less “politically-oriented” than Spruce Hill Road residents (see Spruce Hill Area Form), and more private in their opinions on politics.

The spirit of Kendal Common and its almost utopian goals and plans are expressed in the text of a 1952 brochure “KENDAL COMMON…building towards a better life,”which was designed by one of the original residents, advertising man Daniel Fogel. The first page, entitled “Kendal Common: LAND + AN IDEA” contains the following text:

Four short years ago, Carl Koch invited a group of families interested in modern architecture to investigate the possibility of buying and developing the old Trapelo Golf Course in Weston as a cooperative community. Eight of those present were so enthused of the idea that they pooled their resources, their wisdom, their efforts…to make possible the dream they called Kendal Common.

THE LAND consists of a 45 acre rolling meadow divided into 24 lots from one to three acres in size. One portion of the tract was retained by the corporation as a recreation area, another at the pond for the proposed community house.

THE IDEA was an ideal: modern homes with all their freedom and color and sun…among neighborly people who appreciate the advantages of doing things together.

TODAY the accomplishments are many. The entire development has been paid for, almost half-a-mile of roads have been completed and nine houses have been built. Construction and plans for many others are in progress and 19 of the 24 lots have been sold.

The brochure opened up to another section, entitled “Kendal Common: LAND + COMMUNITY ACTIVITIES in a cooperative atmosphere,”showing a drawing with this caption:

A COMMUNITY HOUSE near the lovely Kendal Common Pond is one of the many planned ventures the group has for the future. Here we shall continue to enjoy our many group activities” and another drawing captioned “OUR PLAY CENTER has begun with slides, swings, sand box and Jungle Jim for the children. By pooling our efforts and resources we plan to add a swimming pool, tennis courts and picnic area.” Four photographs have the following captions: “Santa Coming to Kendal Common,” “Paper Bags Become Halloween Costumes,” “Our Bus Party for ‘Grown-ups’ was a Delightful Experience,” and “Children’s Parties are Happy Occasions.”

The text for this section reads as follows:

JOIN a community that does things together. You and your family can enjoy parties, dances and holidays in a spirited, friendly atmosphere.

FUTURE PLANS include a swimming pool, tennis courts, picnic areas and a community house. Where no one member alone could afford to build all these, by joint effort and at a minimum shared costs, a magnificient play center can become a reality. The playground for the children has already been completed under this cooperative plan.

The brochure open onto a full-page section “Kendal Common: LAND + MODERN ARCHITECTURE…a good investment.” below which is this text: “These houses are designed by America’s foremost architects. They are sound investments because they are attractive, soundly built and acceptable by banks for maximum mortgages.” In addition to a subdivision plot plan and some practical information on location, the school system, and transportation, this section gives the status of each of the 24 lots. Photographs are included of the nine houses that had been completed. Seven “proposed designs” are shown, one house was under construction, and other lots were either for sale or had been purchased but not built on. These photographs and drawings provide a valuable record of the nine original houses and the proposed houses, some of which were not built and some of which were altered before construction.

It is interesting to compare Kendal Common with Carl Koch’s larger development, Conantum, in Concord. The latter development began construction in 1951 and eventually included over 100 homes on about 190 acres. Approximately 60 acres were set aside as common land. Over the years, the common land has been used for ball fields, playgrounds, tennis courts, and boat landings. Conantum was the idea of MIT economics professor W. Rupert McLaurin, who envisioned affordable cost housing for young couples. Koch, who was also an MIT professor, planned the Conantum houses, which originally sold for between $10,000 and $16,000, plus about $3000 for the land. Buyers had the choice of two basic frames and a variety of minor features. The minimum house lot size was one acre. The development attracted young academics from diverse backgrounds, most of whom were graduate students and faculty with connections to MIT, Harvard and other local universities. Residents formed community groups and sponsored Christmas parties, spring balls and July 4th picnics. Kendal Common buyers were of similar age, with similar education and occupational interests, similar financial resources and similar ideals. Their development also incorporated common recreational land but allowed more individualism in house plans and more architectural diversity, although all within the modernist aesthetic.

 

Bibliography

1) Campbell, Robert, “Architects Collaborative closes doors after 50 years,” Boston Globe, May 5, 1995.

2) Carriere, Dean, Solar Houses for a Cold Climate (John Wiley & Sons, Toronto), 1980.

3) Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Articles of Organization for Kendal Common, Incorporated under General Laws, Chapter 156, Section 10 (December 14, 1948)

4) Fogel, Daniel, “Kendal Common: Building Towards a Better Life,” promotional brochure, 1952.

5) Middlesex Country Registry of Deeds, So. District. Registered Land, Book 449/57.

6) Town of Weston, Poll Tax Lists and Street Lists, 1950-1960.

7) 1997 Interview by Pamela W. Fox with Norman and Jeanne Saunders.

8 ) 2003 interviews by Pamela W. Fox with Arthur Uhlir Jr., Polly Guild, Richard and Mildred Seguin, Helen Marden (by telephone), Ruth Brotman (by telephone), and Gene Castillo (by telephone).

9) Photographs of early Kendal Common houses, social events and persons are owned by Arthur Uhlir, Jr., who also has sets of plans for several houses.

10) Fox, Pamela W., Farm Town to Suburb: The History and Architecture of Weston, Massachusetts, 1830-1980 (Peter Randall Publishers, 2002), p. 231-236.